General Economics (econ.GN)

Abstract: Fertility changes after wars and conflicts have been observed worldwide. This study examines whether regional war damage affects postwar fertility even in areas that were not directly affected but were close to the damaged areas. In order to accomplish this, we exploit the air-raid experience in Japan during World War II. Using the municipality-level fertility data in the Kinki region in 1935 and 1947 and the data on damages from air raids in cities, we find the effects of bombing on postwar fertility in towns and villages within 15 kilometers, despite no direct damages. However, the direction of the indirect effects is mixed. The estimation results suggest that severe air raids in neighboring cities increased fertility, whereas minor air raids decreased it. Moreover, the results of the quasi-experimental approach indicate that intense fears of air raids increased the fertility rate in the postwar period. Our study contributes to the literature on fertility changes in the postwar period, providing new insights into the complex relationship between war damage and fertility.

Abstract: This study investigates the functioning of modern payment systems through the lens of banks' maturity mismatch practices, and it examines the effects of banks' refusal to roll over short-term interbank liabilities on financial stability. Within an agent-based stock-flow consistent framework, banks can engage in two segments of the interbank market that differ in maturity, overnight and term. We compare two interbank matching scenarios to assess how bank-specific maturity targets, dependent on the dictates of the Net Stable Funding Ratio, impact the dynamics of the interbank market and the effectiveness of conventional monetary policies. The findings reveal that maturity misalignment between deficit and surplus banks compromises the interbank market's efficiency and increases reliance on the central bank's standing facilities. Monetary policy interest-rate steering practices also become less effective. The study also uncovers a dual stability-based configuration in the banking sector, resembling the segmented European interbank structure. This paper suggests that heterogeneous maturity mismatches between surplus and deficit banks may result in asymmetric funding frictions that might precede credit- and sovereign-risk explanations of interbank tensions. Also, a combined examination of macroprudential tools and rollover-based interbank dynamics can enhance our understanding of how regulatory changes impact the stability of heterogeneous banking sectors.

Abstract: In this study, the relationship between burnout and family functions of the Melli Iran Bank staff will be studied. A number of employees within the organization using appropriate scientific methods as the samples were selected by detailed questionnaire and the appropriate data is collected burnout and family functions. The method used descriptive statistical population used for this study consisted of 314 bank loan officers in branches of Melli Iran Bank of Tehran province and all the officials at the bank for >5 years of service at Melli Iran Bank branches in Tehran. They are married and men constitute the study population. The Maslach Burnout Inventory in the end internal to 0/90 alpha emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low personal accomplishment Cronbach alpha of 0/79 and inventory by 0/71 within the last family to solve the problem 0/70, emotional response 0/51, touch 0/70, 0/69 affective involvement, roles, 0/59, 0/68 behavior is controlled. The results indicate that the hypothesis that included the relationship between burnout and 6, the family functioning, problem solving, communication, roles, affective responsiveness, affective fusion there was a significant relationship between behavior and the correlation was negative. The burnout is high; the functions within the family will be in trouble.

Abstract: In ranked-choice elections voters cast preference ballots which provide a voter's ranking of the candidates. The method of ranked-choice voting (RCV) chooses a winner by using voter preferences to simulate a series of runoff elections. Some jurisdictions which use RCV limit the number of candidates that voters can rank on the ballot, imposing what we term a truncation level, which is the number of candidates that voters are allowed to rank. Given fixed voter preferences, the winner of the election can change if we impose different truncation levels. We use a database of 1171 real-world ranked-choice elections to empirically analyze the potential effects of imposing different truncation levels in ranked-choice elections. Our general finding is that if the truncation level is at least three then restricting the number of candidates which can be ranked on the ballot rarely affects the election winner.