Smart, B. C.; Marucci, L.; Renson, L.

In cybergentics, internal control uses synthetic genetic circuits to bypass the sensing and actuation limits of external control. Currently, embedded controllers are limited to basic controllers, like PID. Here, we introduce the Embedded Extremum Seeking Controller, the first example of a bio-synthetic optimiser. Extremum Seeking combines an integral and oscillator circuit to adjust system parameters and achieve a desired optimal steady state. This system uses an integral circuit and oscillator that already exist in synthetic biology. The Extremum Seeker is demonstrated in silico on a Labour Division system, where the controller tunes a kinematic parameter, optimising the ratio of the culture subpopulations to maximise production. This controller paves the way for embedded controllers that precisely direct cellular behaviour without needing external actuation and sensing.