Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)

Abstract: In this paper, we shall study the boundary case for complex Monge-Amp\`ere type equations under certain geometric assumptions.

Abstract: We consider the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in a moving domain whose boundary is prescribed by a function $\eta=\eta(t,y)$ (with $y\in\mathbb R^2$) of low regularity. This is motivated by problems from fluid-structure interaction. We prove partial boundary regularity for boundary suitable weak solutions assuming that $\eta$ is continuous in time with values in the fractional Sobolev space $W^{2-1/p,p}_y$ for some $p>15/4$ and we have $\partial_t\eta\in L_t^{3}(W^{1,q_0}_y)$ for some $q_0>2$. The existence of boundary suitable weak solutions is a consequence of a new maximal regularity result for the Stokes equations in moving domains which is of independent interest.

Abstract: We prove the existence and multiplicity of weak solutions for a mixed local-nonlocal problem at resonance. In particular, we consider a not necessarily positive operator which appears in models describing the propagation of flames. A careful adaptation of well known variational methods is required to deal with the possible existence of negative eigenvalues.

Abstract: We are concerned with nonlinear stability and existence of two-dimensional current-vortex sheets in ideal compressible magnetohydrodynamics. This is a nonlinear hyperbolic initial-boundary value problem with characteristic free boundary. It is well-known that current-vortex sheets may be at most weakly (neutrally) stable due to the existence of surface waves solutions that yield a loss of derivatives in the energy estimate of the solution with respect to the source terms. We first identify a sufficient condition ensuring the weak stability of the linearized current-vortex sheets problem. Under this stability condition for the background state, we show that the linearized problem obeys an energy estimate in anisotropic weighted Sobolev spaces with a loss of derivatives. Based on the weakly linear stability results, we then establish the local-in-time existence and nonlinear stability of current-vortex sheets by a suitable Nash-Moser iteration, provided the stability condition is satisfied at each point of the initial discontinuity. This result gives a new confirmation of the stabilizing effect of sufficiently strong magnetic fields on Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities.

Abstract: In this paper, we investigate a class of doubly nonlinear evolutions PDEs. We establish sharp regularity for the solutions in H\"older spaces. The proof is based on the geometric tangential method and intrinsic scaling technique. Our findings extend and recover the results in the context of the classical evolution PDEs with singular signature via a unified treatment in the slow, normal and fast diffusion regimes. In addition, we provide some applications to certain nonlinear evolution models, which may have their own mathematical interest.

Abstract: For the Maxwellian molecules or hard potentials case, we verify the smoothing effect for the spatially inhomogeneous Boltzmann equation without angular cutoff. Given initial data with low regularity, we prove its solutions at any positive time are analytic for strong angular singularity, and in Gevrey class with optimal index for mild angular singularity. To overcome the degeneracy in the spatial variable, a family of well-chosen vector fields with time-dependent coefficients will play a crucial role, and the sharp regularization effect of weak solutions relies on a quantitative estimate on directional derivatives in these vector fields.

Abstract: In this paper, we discuss a class of spectral partition problems with a measure constraint, for partitions of a given bounded connected open set. We establish the existence of an optimal open partition, showing that the corresponding eigenfunctions are locally Lipschitz continuous, and obtain some qualitative properties for the partition. The proof uses an equivalent weak formulation that involves a minimization problem of a penalized functional where the variables are functions rather than domains, suitable deformations, blowup techniques, and a monotonicity formula.

Abstract: The non-transversal intersection of the free boundary with the fixed boundary is obtained for nonlinear uniformly elliptic operators when $\Omega = \{\nabla u \neq 0\} \cap \{x_n>0\}$ thereby solving a problem in elliptic theory that in the case of the Laplacian is completely understood but has remained arcane in the nonlinear setting in higher dimension. Also, a solution is given to a problem discussed in "Regularity of free boundaries in obstacle-type problems" \cite{MR2962060}. The free boundary is $C^1$ in a neighborhood of the fixed if the solution is physical and if $n=2$ in the absolute general context. The regularity is even new for the Laplacian. The innovation is via geometric configurations on how free boundary points converge to the fixed boundary and investigating the spacing between free boundary points.