The leading-soft cubic graviton self-interaction on the black-hole horizon

By: Ayanendu Dutta

We expand the Einstein-Hilbert action to cubic order about the Schwarzschild horizon, in the even Regge-Wheeler gauge of the Gaddam-Groenenboom-'t~Hooft (GGV) near-horizon framework, and derive the cubic graviton self-interaction. Our central result is a `vanishing theorem': at leading soft order the self-coupling of the purely traceless longitudinal polarizations is identically zero, because with the trace/transverse-scalar sector switched o... more
We expand the Einstein-Hilbert action to cubic order about the Schwarzschild horizon, in the even Regge-Wheeler gauge of the Gaddam-Groenenboom-'t~Hooft (GGV) near-horizon framework, and derive the cubic graviton self-interaction. Our central result is a `vanishing theorem': at leading soft order the self-coupling of the purely traceless longitudinal polarizations is identically zero, because with the trace/transverse-scalar sector switched off the fluctuation reduces to a two-dimensional block whose $\sqrt{-g}\,R$ is a total (Euler) derivative at every order in $κ$. We prove this by an explicit closed-form reduction and exhibit the cancellation term by term. It is a `framework-specific' statement, even RW gauge, GGV sector, leading soft order, not a gauge-invariant theorem of general relativity. The theorem is exact, but the quantized vertex inherits a $\sim\!20\%$ soft/scheme systematic at the only simulable multiplet ($\ell=2$), which we state explicitly. We then simulate the real-time dynamics of the resulting Hamiltonian on IBM Qiskit/Aer with exact cross-checks. Two structural facts, a conserved charge that only the cubic vertex violates, opening $φφ\to hh\to4φ$, and a provably resonance-free boost spectrum (gap $\to1/2$), already predict that the longitudinal channel is perturbatively rigid; the simulation confirms this quantitatively and measures the residual dressing ($d_{\rm eff}=1.06$; multiplicity far from thermal, Poisson, and Haar references) rather than discovering it. A symmetry-exact total-occupation truncation yields the first sector-resolved level statistics, indicative of intermediate behaviour on Hilbert spaces too small to be decisive. All circuit results agree with exact diagonalization, every headline number carries a stated systematic, and hardware execution is deferred behind a quantified noise budget. less
Cosmological initial data without periodic boundary conditions

By: Károly Csukás

We apply the parabolic-hyperbolic formulation of the Einstein constraint equations to generate cosmological initial data. The freely specifiable geometric data correspond to flat Friedmann--Lemaître--Robertson--Walker background, while the matter sector contains localized anisotropic perturbations of a perfect fluid. Unlike the standard approach, our method evolves the constraints outward from regular data at the origin and therefore requires... more
We apply the parabolic-hyperbolic formulation of the Einstein constraint equations to generate cosmological initial data. The freely specifiable geometric data correspond to flat Friedmann--Lemaître--Robertson--Walker background, while the matter sector contains localized anisotropic perturbations of a perfect fluid. Unlike the standard approach, our method evolves the constraints outward from regular data at the origin and therefore requires no boundary conditions. This makes our method well suited as a starting point in investigating systematic biases introduced by commonly adopted boundary conditions, such as periodic boundaries. A second advantage concerns uniqueness: standard elliptic solvers may fail when multiple solutions exist, whereas solving the constraints as a well-posed evolutionary system always yields a unique solution. To demonstrate our method, we implement it numerically and generate cosmological initial data with localized anisotropic perfect fluid perturbations. less
MeV Electrophilic Axion-like Particles from Sun

By: Shao-Feng Ge, Sk Jeesun, Tao Li

This work explores the production of an MeV-scale electrophilic axion-like particles (ALPs) by utilizing the monochromatic 5.5MeV photon resulting from the nuclear fusion processes in the Sun. These 5.5MeV photons can undergo the Compton-like scattering with the ambient electrons in the solar matter to produce a substantial flux of MeV ALPs. Upon reaching the Earth, such ALPs can be detected via the same electron coupling, offering a new oppo... more
This work explores the production of an MeV-scale electrophilic axion-like particles (ALPs) by utilizing the monochromatic 5.5MeV photon resulting from the nuclear fusion processes in the Sun. These 5.5MeV photons can undergo the Compton-like scattering with the ambient electrons in the solar matter to produce a substantial flux of MeV ALPs. Upon reaching the Earth, such ALPs can be detected via the same electron coupling, offering a new opportunity for the dark matter (DM) direct detection experiments to probe the previously unexplored parameter regions. We show that the existing data of LZ, PandaX-4T, and Borexino can attain the sensitivities $g_{ae} \lesssim 3.7 \times 10^{-6}$, $g_{ae} \lesssim 3.7 \times 10^{-6}$ and $g_{ae} \lesssim 1.7 \times 10^{-6}$, respectively, for $m_a \lesssim 1$MeV. An optimistic 200 tonne$\times$year exposure by PandaX-xT can reach $g_{ae}\lesssim 1.6 \times 10^{-6}$ for most of the mass window $m_a < 1$MeV and even $g_{ae} \lesssim 1.5 \times 10^{-7}$ with $m_a$ approaching 1MeV. Despite the stringent constraints from different laboratory experiments and astrophysical observations, our obtained limits from LZ, PandaX-4T, and Borexino can probe new parameter regions, specifically in the mass window $0.4\,{\rm MeV} \lesssim m_a \lesssim 1$MeV. less
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Using horizon shadows to distinguish a black hole and a white hole

By: Chengyu Bi, Zhoujian Cao

Within theoretical frameworks such as loop quantum gravity, black holes may evolve into white holes through a quantum bounce. This paper uses general relativistic ray-tracing techniques to calculate the ray-traced imaging of accretion disks from the previous cosmic stage during the Kerr black hole and post-bounce Kerr white hole phases. Calculations show that the black hole image presents a crescent emission ring and a central shadow. In cont... more
Within theoretical frameworks such as loop quantum gravity, black holes may evolve into white holes through a quantum bounce. This paper uses general relativistic ray-tracing techniques to calculate the ray-traced imaging of accretion disks from the previous cosmic stage during the Kerr black hole and post-bounce Kerr white hole phases. Calculations show that the black hole image presents a crescent emission ring and a central shadow. In contrast, after radiation from the previous universe penetrates the rotating white hole, eccentric and asymmetric nested intensity ring structures form in the synthetic image due to frame-dragging and lensing effects. We analyze the influence of spin parameters, observation inclinations, and accretion disk geometric configurations on the distribution of this nested ring structure using synthetic images and intensity profiles. Building upon this, we introduce polarized ray-tracing calculations for radiation across evolutionary stages. This process results in the polarization image features after the polarization vector is subjected to the gravitational field and spacetime spin dragging during the photon propagation through the white hole horizon and internal spacetime. The spatial rotation patterns and concentric interference fringes in the white hole polarization images exhibit a distinct inter-ring polarization discontinuity. This phenomenon differs from the polarization behavior of black holes. The intensity ring structures and polarization inter-ring discontinuity features provide multi-band and polarimetric interferometry baselines to overcome morphological observational degeneracies. This provides theoretical guidance for future very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) to distinguish black holes and white holes. less