Lukin, J.; Beckel, M. S.; Pedroncini, O.; Giusti, S. A.; Linenberg, I. M.; Patop, I. L.; Chernomoretz, A.; Marin-Burgin, A.; Kadener, S.; Refojo, D.

Neuronal activity-dependent gene expression is fundamental to a wide variety of brain functions. However, how development progress and stimulation modalities specifically affect neuron transcription is not fully understood. In this work, we first investigate the influence of development on neuronal firing and activity-driven transcription. We used an RNA sequencing approach over 7 days in vitro (DIV) or mature 21 DIV neurons, comparing neuronal depolarization with potassium chloride (KCl) versus Biccuculine application, a synaptic modality to induce neuronal activity. To further investigate how different activity patterns influence gene transcription in mature neurons, we compared global gene expression in neurons treated with three different and extensively used activation protocols: KCl, Bicuculine (Bic), and TTX withdrawal (TTXw). Our results demonstrate a strong influence of development on activity-dependent gene expression, and showed that different patterns of neuronal activity induce different transcriptional profiles and exhibit distinct temporal dynamics for the same genes. These findings offer novel insights into the complex relationship between neuronal activity and gene expression, shedding light on the context-dependent nature of activity-dependent transcriptional responses.