A matrix free action of the Ashtekar-Lewandowski volume operator of loop quantum gravity
A matrix free action of the Ashtekar-Lewandowski volume operator of loop quantum gravity
Waleed Sherif
AbstractThe Ashtekar-Lewandowski (AL) volume operator of loop quantum gravity is central to the Hamiltonian constraint, but its vertex action is usually obtained from dense spectral decompositions of finite recoupling matrices, obstructing numerical analysis on large kinematical Hilbert spaces or high-valence vertices. We formulate a matrix free action of the $SU(2)$ AL vertex volume operator in standard recoupling basis, making use of the Brunnemann-Thiemann expression for the oriented AL volume density $Q_{v}$ whose matrix elements can be generated locally from recoupling theory without forming the full matrix. Based on the Balakrishnan-Stieltjes representation of $(Q_{v}^{2})^{1/4}$ we approximate the volume by shifted-resolvent quadrature (SRQ). The resulting action uses only repeated applications of $Q_{v}$ and shifted positive linear solves, making it compatible with multi-shift Krylov methods. We prove exact preservation of the volume kernel, provide operator-norm and residual error estimates, discuss sector-wise scaling bounds, and validate the method on an embedded $K_{5}$ graph at small spin cutoffs against exact dense local-block operators. Numerical simulations show rapid convergence of vertex expectation values, controlled dependence on bound parameters, and exact preservation of zero-volume modes. We further demonstrate matrix free Monte Carlo estimates at doubled-spin cutoff $2j=250000$ beyond dense materialisation, and show that SRQ can be combined with stochastic Lanczos quadrature to estimate fixed-sector volume spectral measures without dense volume matrices.