Yu, F.; Chen, J.; Qiang, X.; Liu, H.; Xu, F.; Wang, L.; Jiang, L.; Li, C.; Wang, B.; Luan, S.; Wu, D.; Zhou, F.

Plant roots exhibit localized immunity (LI) specifically in the root cap and transition/elongation zone (TZ/EZ). Such immunity relies on receptor-like kinases localized at the plasma membrane (PM), which are essential for plant response to bacteria in the rhizosphere. Here, we identified a new mechanism of action for receptor kinase FERONIA (FER) in LI. In the absence of bacterial stimuli, FER is localized to the PM, maintaining plant growth. When confronted with bacterial colonization, RALF23 peptide hyper-accumulates in TZ/EZ cells and activates a metalloproteinase that cleaves FER and transfer the cytosolic kinase domain into the nucleus. The nucleus-localized kinase domain of FER contributes to LI by reducing bacterial abundance at TZ/EZ. Thus, this work uncovered a unique mechanism by which a single receptor kinase acts in two molecular forms and two distinct subcellular locations to balance growth and immunity.