Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)

Abstract: We observe that a European Call option with strike $L > K$ can be seen as a Call option with strike $L-K$ on a Call option with strike $K$. Under no arbitrage assumptions, this yields immediately that the prices of the two contracts are the same, in full generality. We study in detail the relative pricing function which gives the price of the Call on Call option as a function of its underlying Call option, and provide quasi-closed formula for those new pricing functions in the Carr-Pelts-Tehranchi family [Carr and Pelts, Duality, Deltas, and Derivatives Pricing, 2015] and [Tehranchi, A Black-Scholes inequality: applications and generalisations, Finance Stoch, 2020] that includes the Black-Scholes model as a particular case. We also study the properties of the function that maps the price normalized by the underlier, viewed as a function of the moneyness, to the normalized relative price, which allows us to produce several new closed formulas. In connection to the symmetry transformation of a smile, we build a lift of the relative pricing function in the case of an underlier that does not vanish. We finally provide some properties of the implied volatility smiles of Calls on Calls and lifted Calls on Calls in the Black-Scholes model.

Abstract: We consider extended mean-field control problems with multi-dimensional singular controls. A key challenge when analysing singular controls are jump costs. When controls are one-dimensional, jump costs are most naturally computed by linear interpolation. When the controls are multi-dimensional the situation is more complex, especially when the model parameters depend on an additional mean-field interaction term, in which case one needs to "jointly" and "consistently" interpolate jumps both on a distributional and a pathwise level. This is achieved by introducing the novel concept of two-layer parametrisations of stochastic processes. Two-layer parametrisations allow us to equivalently rewrite rewards in terms of continuous functions of parametrisations of the control process and to derive an explicit representation of rewards in terms of minimal jump costs. From this we derive a DPP for extended mean-field control problems with multi-dimensional singular controls. Under the additional assumption that the value function is continuous we characterise the value function as the minimal super-solution to a certain quasi-variational inequality in the Wasserstein space.