By: Zi-Yan Yuwen, Cristian Joana, Shao-Jiang Wang, Rong-Gen Cai
We investigate primordial black hole (PBH) formation in a cosmological background with bulk viscosity. Using numerical simulations, we determine the collapse threshold and the resulting PBH mass. We find that the critical threshold $μ_c$ retains a dependence on the equation-of-state parameter $w$ similar to that in the inviscid case, but is enhanced by an amount comparable to the bulk-viscosity strength $ε$. For fixed $w$, the increase in $μ_... more
We investigate primordial black hole (PBH) formation in a cosmological background with bulk viscosity. Using numerical simulations, we determine the collapse threshold and the resulting PBH mass. We find that the critical threshold $μ_c$ retains a dependence on the equation-of-state parameter $w$ similar to that in the inviscid case, but is enhanced by an amount comparable to the bulk-viscosity strength $ε$. For fixed $w$, the increase in $μ_c$ is approximately linear in $ε$. By fitting the standard critical-scaling law for near-threshold collapse, we find that the bulk viscosity leads to an enhancement in the resulting PBH mass. These results indicate that bulk viscosity can systematically modify both the PBH threshold and PBH mass scaling law in the early universe. less
A geometric multimessenger consistency test of radiative and near-zone gravity with LISA and SKA
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By: Bhooshan Gadre
Compact binary pulsars observed both through precision radio timing and low-frequency gravitational waves offer a direct way to compare the same binary geometry with two independent messengers. We propose a multimessenger consistency test based on the orbital inclination, measured from the Shapiro-delay shape parameter in radio timing and from the tensor polarization amplitude ratio in the gravitational-wave signal. Defining the common-epoch ... more
Compact binary pulsars observed both through precision radio timing and low-frequency gravitational waves offer a direct way to compare the same binary geometry with two independent messengers. We propose a multimessenger consistency test based on the orbital inclination, measured from the Shapiro-delay shape parameter in radio timing and from the tensor polarization amplitude ratio in the gravitational-wave signal. Defining the common-epoch residual $\eps(t_0)=s_{\rm Shapiro}(t_0)-s_{\rm GW}(t_0)$, general relativity predicts $\eps=0$, while a nonzero value would indicate either an unmodeled systematic or a mismatch between the near-zone and radiative descriptions of gravity. We estimate the attainable precision on this quantity for representative LISA--SKA compact binary pulsars using a seven-parameter timing Fisher matrix and a sky-averaged LISA sensitivity curve including the Galactic foreground. We adopt a conservative radio baseline, $σ_{\rm TOA}=1\,μ{\rm s}$ and $N_{\rm eff}=10^4$, intended to summarize radiometer noise, jitter, residual dispersion-measure and scattering effects, profile evolution, and cadence losses after wideband timing. For systems at $d=5\,{\rm kpc}$ observed for four years, we find $σ_\eps\simeq4\times10^{-3}$ for a favorable double neutron star and $σ_\eps\simeq9\times10^{-4}$ for a hypothetical pulsar--black-hole system. The former is the more robust astrophysical benchmark; the latter illustrates the reach if such a high-SNR chirping source is discovered. The useful cases remain limited mainly by gravitational-wave polarimetry, while radio timing supplies the near-zone reference measurement of the inclination. These results define a quantitative target for future joint Bayesian analyses of compact binary pulsars observed in both radio and gravitational waves. less
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By: Bo-Xuan Ge
We investigate whether gravitational waveforms from massive boson-star mergers can be used to diagnose the underlying merger outcome. Using an existing numerical-relativity catalogue, we construct a branch-conditioned neural reconstruction model and infer the outcome by comparing the reconstruction quality of candidate waveform hypotheses. This makes the diagnosis waveform-based rather than a direct classification in the initial parameter spa... more
We investigate whether gravitational waveforms from massive boson-star mergers can be used to diagnose the underlying merger outcome. Using an existing numerical-relativity catalogue, we construct a branch-conditioned neural reconstruction model and infer the outcome by comparing the reconstruction quality of candidate waveform hypotheses. This makes the diagnosis waveform-based rather than a direct classification in the initial parameter space. We compare a supervised baseline model with a distilled student model and find that the merger outcome is encoded in the waveform morphology and can be recovered through branch-conditioned reconstruction. Our results provide a first step toward waveform-based classification of exotic compact-object mergers with multiple possible final states. less
By: Geoffrey Compère, Sébastien Robert
Under assumptions compatible with generic gravitational scattering, the vacuum relativistic gravitational field is entirely determined at leading order in the large radius expansion at spatial infinity by its supermomentum, its dual supermomentum and its global supertranslation frame. At subleading order, the gravitational field is determined by three additional sets of charges: the super-Lorentz charges, the leading tail charges and the lead... more
Under assumptions compatible with generic gravitational scattering, the vacuum relativistic gravitational field is entirely determined at leading order in the large radius expansion at spatial infinity by its supermomentum, its dual supermomentum and its global supertranslation frame. At subleading order, the gravitational field is determined by three additional sets of charges: the super-Lorentz charges, the leading tail charges and the leading peeling-breaking charges. In this work we provide a supertranslation-invariant definition of these charges in terms of asymptotic Bondi-Sachs fields as well as a corresponding supertranslation and logarithmic translation invariant definition of these charges in terms of Beig-Schmidt fields. Using the properties of homogeneous and inhomogeneous solutions to relevant wave equations over the boundary de Sitter spacetime at spatial infinity, we derive the conservation law of super-Lorentz charges between the future and past of spatial infinity. We obtain that the super-Lorentz aspects are non-locally defined from the Bondi-Sachs fields. less
By: Nicola Bellomo, Philippa Cole
The Square Kilometre Array Observatory (SKAO) will be an important component of the global gravitational wave network. This article provides an overview of chapter eight of the Advancing Astrophysics with the SKA II (AASKAII) book, in which gravitational waves are a new addition, since the previous edition preceded the announcement of the first detection of gravitational waves in 2016. The chapter investigates the impact that this new observa... more
The Square Kilometre Array Observatory (SKAO) will be an important component of the global gravitational wave network. This article provides an overview of chapter eight of the Advancing Astrophysics with the SKA II (AASKAII) book, in which gravitational waves are a new addition, since the previous edition preceded the announcement of the first detection of gravitational waves in 2016. The chapter investigates the impact that this new observatory will have on numerous gravitational wave science cases. From testing General Relativity, to measuring the properties of the nanohertz gravitational wave background and exploiting new synergies with other upcoming experiments, the SKAO will play a key role in the next decades of gravitational wave science. less
By: Naoki Seto
We present a framework to probe intrinsic stochastic fluctuation in the orbital phase evolution of long-lived double white dwarf binaries through gravitational-wave observations with LISA. To capture the essential structure of the fluctuation, we introduce a minimal quadratic statistic that isolates its temporal correlation. We derive a simple analytic scaling relation for the signal-to-noise ratio of this correlation statistic, explicitly sh... more
We present a framework to probe intrinsic stochastic fluctuation in the orbital phase evolution of long-lived double white dwarf binaries through gravitational-wave observations with LISA. To capture the essential structure of the fluctuation, we introduce a minimal quadratic statistic that isolates its temporal correlation. We derive a simple analytic scaling relation for the signal-to-noise ratio of this correlation statistic, explicitly showing its dependence on the total observation time and the intrinsic phase correlation time. less
By: Christos Charmousis, Simon Iteanu, David Langlois, Karim Noui
We study radial perturbations of static black holes with primary hair in a subfamily of degenerate higher-order scalar-tensor (DHOST) theories. We recast the equation of motion for the monopole degree of freedom into a flat radial wave equation and show that the associated operator can be extended, through appropriate boundary conditions, to a positive self-adjoint operator which ensures the stability of the radial mode. Remarkably, the coord... more
We study radial perturbations of static black holes with primary hair in a subfamily of degenerate higher-order scalar-tensor (DHOST) theories. We recast the equation of motion for the monopole degree of freedom into a flat radial wave equation and show that the associated operator can be extended, through appropriate boundary conditions, to a positive self-adjoint operator which ensures the stability of the radial mode. Remarkably, the coordinate choice that leads to the flat wave equation corresponds to the unitary gauge, in which the scalar field is uniform. As a result, the radial coordinate extends beyond the event horizon, into the black hole interior, in contrast with the tortoise coordinate in General Relativity. The same wave equation with the same coordinate choice applies to all solutions that are connected by disformal transformations. We also examine stealth black hole solutions, with either a constant or non constant kinetic term. In the former case, we find, to linear order, the absence of a propagating degree of freedom. In the latter case, we identify a stable radial degree of freedom, except for special values of the theory coupling constants. less