Susanna Bisogni, Giustina Vietri, Enrico Piconcelli, Federica Ricci, Andrea Travascio, Paolo Franzetti, Adriana Gargiulo, Chiara Mancini

The existence of luminous quasars just a few hundred million years after the Big Bang challenges our understanding of both black hole growth and galaxy formation and evolution. These objects harbour supermassive black holes exceeding a billion solar masses (M$_{BH} > 10^{9} M_{\odot}$) by redshift $z\sim 6.5$-$7.5$, powered by extreme gas accretion. At the same time, their host galaxies are also undergoing intense star formation, consuming gas at the rate of hundreds of solar masses per year. Characterising the circumgalactic medium (CGM) and intergalactic medium (IGM) surrounding high-redshift quasars becomes an essential tool to understand the conditions that enable the rapid formation and evolution of these extreme sources. While in the last decades spatially resolved observations in the optical band have targeted CGM through Ly$α$ nebulae surrounding $z \sim 2-6$ quasars, current instrumental limitations hamper observations of high-z ($z>8$) quasars that will be discovered by Euclid/Roman/LSST surveys. Despite the large fraction of neutral hydrogen at the epoch of reionisation, in the last decade several surprising Ly$α$ detections have been obtained from sources deep in the epoch of reionisation. The unprecedented collecting area of ELT, coupled with the resolution and wavelength coverage of SHARP, specifically VESPER, will enable us to map for the first time $z>9$ Ly$α$ emission down to the structures of size $\sim$150 pc, while simultaneously capturing their large-scale structure up to 100 kpc for the first time at this redshift. This will allow a major and long-awaited step forward in the exploration of quasars and galaxies formation and evolution deep in the epoch of reionisation.