Broadband multiwavelength properties of the archetypal blazar 3C 279 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope campaign

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Broadband multiwavelength properties of the archetypal blazar 3C 279 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope campaign

Authors

G. Principe, J. C. Algaba, E. Aviano, W. Y. Cheong, K. Hada, D. Haggard, A. Hahn, S. G. Jorstad, E. V. Kravchenko, Y. Kovalev, S. S. Lee, M. Lisakov, S. Markoff, A. P. Marscher, M. Sasada, P. Voitsik, Kazunori Akiyama, Ezequiel Albentosa-Ruiz, Antxon Alberdi, Walter Alef, Richard Anantua, Eleni Antonopoulou, Keiichi Asada, Rebecca Azulay, Anne-Kathrin Baczko, David Ball, Bidisha Bandyopadhyay, John Barrett, Michi Baubock, Bradford A. Benson, Dan Bintley, Lindy Blackburn, Raymond Blundell, Katherine L. Bouman, Geoffrey C. Bower, Michael Bremer, Roger Brissenden, Silke Britzen, Avery E. Broderick, Dominique Broguiere, Thomas Bronzwaer, Sandra Bustamante, Douglas F. Carlos, John E. Carlstrom, Andrew Chael, Chi-kwan Chan, Dominic O. Chang, Koushik Chatterjee, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Chen, Xiaopeng Cheng, Paul Chichura, Ilje Cho, Nicholas S. Conroy, John E. Conway, Thomas M. Crawford, Geoffrey B. Crew, Alejandro Cruz-Osorio, Yuzhu Cui, Brandon Curd, Rohan Dahale, Jordy Davelaar, Joost de Kleuver, Mariafelicia De Laurentis, Roger Deane, Jason Dexter, Vedant Dhruv, Indu K. Dihingia, Sheperd S. Doeleman, Sergio A. Dzib, Razieh Emami, Heino Falcke, Joseph Farah, Vincent L. Fish, Edward Fomalont, H. Alyson Ford, Marianna Foschi, Raquel Fraga-Encinas, William T. Freeman, Per Friberg, Christian M. Fromm, Antonio Fuentes, Peter Galison, Charles F. Gammie, Roberto Garcia, Olivier Gentaz, Boris Georgiev, Ciriaco Goddi, Roman Gold, Arturo I. Gomez-Ruiz, Jose L. Gomez, Minfeng Gu, Mark Gurwell, Ronald Hesper, Dirk Heumann, Luis C. Ho, Paul Ho, Mareki Honma, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Huang, David H. Hughes, Shiro Ikeda, C. M. Violette Impellizzeri, Makoto Inoue, Sara Issaoun, David J. James, Buell T. Jannuzi, Michael Janssen, Britton Jeter, Wu Jiang, Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales, Michael D. Johnson, Adam C. Jones, Abhishek V. Joshi, Taehyun Jung, Tomohisa Kawashima, Garrett K. Keating, Mark Kettenis, Dong-Jin Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Junhan Kim, Motoki Kino, Jakob Knollmüller, Jun Yi Koay, Prashant Kocherlakota, Yutaro Kofuji, Patrick M. Koch, Shoko Koyama, Carsten Kramer, Joana A. Kramer, Michael Kramer, Thomas P. Krichbaum, Cheng-Yu Kuo, Noemi La Bella, Deokhyeong Lee, Aviad Levis, Shaoliang Li, Zhiyuan Li, Rocco Lico, Greg Lindahl, Michael Lindqvist, Jun Liu, Kuo Liu, Elisabetta Liuzzo, Wen-Ping Lo, Andrei P. Lobanov, Laurent Loinard, Colin J. Lonsdale, Amy E. Lowitz, Ru-Sen Lu, Nicholas R. MacDonald, Jirong Mao, Nicola Marchili, Daniel P. Marrone, Alan P. Marscher, Ivan Marti-Vidal, Satoki Matsushita, Lynn D. Matthews, Lia Medeiros, Karl M. Menten, Hugo Messias, Izumi Mizuno, Yosuke Mizuno, Joshua Montgomery, Kotaro Moriyama, Monika Moscibrodzka, Wanga Mulaudzi, Cornelia Müller, Hendrik Müller, Alejandro Mus, Gibwa Musoke, Ioannis Myserlis, Hiroshi Nagai, Neil M. Nagar, Dhanya G. Nair, Masanori Nakamura, Gopal Narayanan, Iniyan Natarajan, Antonios Nathanail, Santiago Navarro Fuentes, Joey Neilsen, Chunchong Ni, Andy Nilipour, Michael A. Nowak, Hiroki Okino, Hector Ra. l Olivares Sanchez, Feryal Ozel, Daniel C. M. Palumbo, Georgios Filippos Paraschos, Jongho Park, Harriet Parsons, Nimesh Patel, Ue-Li Pen, Dominic W. Pesce, Vincent Pietu, Alexander Plavin, Aleksandar PopStefanija, Oliver Porth, Ben Prather, Dimitrios Psaltis, Hung-Yi Pu, Alexandra Rahlin, Venkatessh Ramakrishnan, Ramprasad Rao, Mark G. Rawlings, Angelo Ricarte, Luca Ricci, Bart Ripperda, Jan Roder, Freek Roelofs, Cristina Romero-Ca. izales, Eduardo Ros, Arash Roshanineshat, Helge Rottmann, Alan L. Roy, Ignacio Ruiz, Chet Ruszczyk, Kazi L. J. Rygl, Leon D. S. Salas, Salvador Sanchez, David Sanchez-Argüelles, Miguel Sanchez-Portal, Ali SaraerToosi, Kaushik Satapathy, Saurabh, Tuomas Savolainen, Karl-Friedrich Schuster, Zhiqiang Shen, Sasikumar Silpa, Randall Smith, Bong Won Sohn, Jason SooHoo, Kamal Souccar, Joshua S. Stanway, He Sun, Alexandra J. Tetarenko, Paul Tiede, Remo P. J. Tilanus, Michael Titus, Kenji Toma, Pablo Torne, Teresa Toscano, Efthalia Traianou, Sascha Trippe, Matthew Turk, Ilse van Bemmel, Bram van den Berg, Huib Jan van Langevelde, Daniel R. van Rossum, Sebastiano D. von Fellenberg, Jesse Vos, Jan Wagner, Zhiren Wang, Derek Ward-Thompson, John Wardle, Jasmin E. Washington, Jonathan Weintroub, Maciek Wielgus, Kaj Wiik, Michael F. Wondrak, George N. Wong, Jompoj Wongphexhauxsorn, Qingwen Wu, Paul Yamaguchi, Aristomenis Yfantis, Doosoo Yoon, Andre Young, Ziri Younsi, Wei Yu, Feng Yuan, Ye-Fei Yuan, Ai-Ling Zeng, J. Anton Zensus, Shuo Zhang, Guang-Yao Zhao, J. Abhir, A. Abhishek, V. A. Acciari, A. Aguasca-Cabot, I. Agudo, I. Albanese, T. Aniello, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, A. Arbet Engels, C. Arcaro, T. T. H. Arnesen, A. Babic, C. Bakshi, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, L. Barrios-Jimenez, I. Batkovic, J. Becerra Gonz. lez, W. Bednarek, E. Bernardini, J. Bernete, A. Berti, J. Besenrieder, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, Ž. Bošnjak, E. Bronzini, I. Burelli, A. Campoy-Ordaz, A. Carosi, R. Carosi, M. Carretero-Castrillo, A. J. Castro-Tirado, D. Cerasole, G. Ceribella, A. Cervi. o, Y. Chai, G. Chon, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, C. Delgado Mendez, F. Di Pierro, R. Di Tria, L. Di Venere, A. Dinesh, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, L. Eisenberger, D. Elsaesser, L. Foffano, L. Font, F. Fr. as Garcia-Lago, S. Fr. se, Y. Fukazawa, S. Gasparyan, M. Gaug, J. G. Giesbrecht Paiva, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, P. Gliwny, T. Gradetzke, R. Grau, J. G. Green, P. Günther, D. Hadasch, G. Harutyunyan, J. Herrera Llorente, D. Hrupec, D. Israyelyan, J. Jahanvi, I. Jimenez Martinez, J. Jimenez Quiles, S. Kankkunen, T. Kayanoki, J. Konrad, P. M. Kouch, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, M. L. inez, A. Lamastra, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, R. Lopez-Coto, M. Lopez-Moya, A. Lopez-Oramas, S. Loporchio, L. LuliLc, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, S. Mangano, K. Mannheim, S. Marchesi, M. Mariotti, M. Martinez, P. Maruševec, D. Mazin, S. Menchiari, J. M. ndez Gallego, S. Menon, D. Miceli, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, M. Molero Gonzalez, E. Molina, H. A. Mondal, A. Moralejo, C. Nanci, A. Negro, V. Neustroev, C. Nigro, L. Nikolic, K. Noda, S. Nozaki, A. Okumura, J. Otero-Santos, S. Paiano, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, M. Peresano, M. Persic, M. Pihet, G. Pirola, F. Podobnik, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, M. Rib., J. Rico, A. Roy, N. Sahakyan, F. G. Saturni, F. Schiavone, K. Schmitz, A. Sciaccaluga, G. Silvestri, A. Simongini, J. Sitarek, V. Sliusar, D. Sobczynska, A. Stamerra, J. Striškovic, D. Strom, Y. Suda, M. Takahashi, R. Takeishi, J. Tartera Barber., P. Temnikov, T. Terzic, M. Teshima, A. Tutone, S. Ubach, S. Ventura, G. Verna, I. Viale, A. Vigliano, C. F. Vigorito, E. Visentin, V. Vitale, M. Vorbrugg, I. Vovk, R. Walter, C. Walther, F. Wersig, P. K. H. Yeung, A. Acharyya, F. Aharonian, H. Ashkar, M. Backes, M. Barnard, Y. Becherini, M. B. ttcher, J. Bolmont, B. Bruno, T. Bylund, S. Casanova, M. Chernyakova, J. O. Chibueze, O. Chibueze, B. Cornejo, J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye, I. D. Davids, J. de Assis Scarpin, M. de Naurois, A. Dmytriiev, K. Egberts, S. Fegan, K. Feijen, M. D. Filipovic, G. Fontaine, S. Gabici, J. F. Glicenstein, P. Goswami, L. Heckmann, B. He., M. Holler, D. Horns, E. Kasai, K. Katarzynski, D. Kerszberg, B. Kh. lifi, K. Kosack, R. G. Lang, S. Lazarevic, P. Liniewicz, A. Luashvili, D. Malyshev, D. Malyshev, M. G. F. Mayer, M. Meyer, A. Mikhno, E. Moulin, H. Ndiyavala, J. Niemiec, P. Pichard, T. Preis, G. Pühlhofer, A. Quirrenbach, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, I. Reis, B. Rudak, K. Sabri, V. Sahakian, A. Santangelo, M. Sasaki, I. Shebalkova, W. Si Said, L. Stawarz, R. Steenkamp, T. Tanaka, G. L. Taylor, R. Terrier, Y. Tian, M. Tluczykont, C. Venter, J. Vink, V. Voitsekhovskyi, S. J. Wagner, A. Wierzcholska, M. Zacharias, A. A. Zdziarski

Abstract

The archetypal blazar 3C 279 hosts a prominent relativistic jet and exhibits strong broadband variability across the electromagnetic spectrum. In April 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed 3C 279, alongside one of the most extensive quasi-simultaneous multiwavelength (MWL) campaigns ever conducted. With the aim of investigating the physical processes governing 3C 279, we analyzed individual observations and multiband light curves, and constructed a new quasi-simultaneous MWL spectrum. We also performed phenomenological modeling using the turbulent extreme multi-zone (TEMZ) model to constrain the fundamental physical properties of the source. The EHT observations reveal a clear flux increase in the innermost core between April 5 and 11, 2017. Over a broader timescale, radio measurements at longer wavelengths show concurrent enhancements in core flux and polarization around mid-April, coinciding with the ejection of a superluminal knot. Record UV-optical flares with strong polarization variability occurred in late March, followed by gamma-ray activity that declined before the end of the EHT observing period. During this interval, the source remained in a low X-ray state and showed no detectable VHE emission. The TEMZ modeling suggests that the broadband spectrum and variability of 3C 279 can be explained within a jet scenario in which turbulent plasma cells are compressed by a stationary conical shock. However, alternative interpretations, such as magnetic reconnection or a moving shock-in-jet event, remain plausible. This coordinated MWL campaign advances our understanding of the origin of jet and gamma-ray emission in 3C 279, while also providing a comprehensive publicly available dataset that will serve as a valuable reference for future studies.

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