Ultra-high-energy $γ$-ray emission associated with the tail of a bow-shock pulsar wind nebula
Ultra-high-energy $γ$-ray emission associated with the tail of a bow-shock pulsar wind nebula
Zhen Cao The LHAASO Collaboration, F. Aharonian The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. X. Bai The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. W. Bao The LHAASO Collaboration, D. Bastieri The LHAASO Collaboration, X. J. Bi The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. J. Bi The LHAASO Collaboration, W. Bian The LHAASO Collaboration, A. V. Bukevich The LHAASO Collaboration, C. M. Cai The LHAASO Collaboration, W. Y. Cao The LHAASO Collaboration, Zhe Cao The LHAASO Collaboration, J. Chang The LHAASO Collaboration, J. F. Chang The LHAASO Collaboration, A. M. Chen The LHAASO Collaboration, E. S. Chen The LHAASO Collaboration, H. X. Chen The LHAASO Collaboration, Liang Chen The LHAASO Collaboration, Long Chen The LHAASO Collaboration, M. J. Chen The LHAASO Collaboration, M. L. Chen The LHAASO Collaboration, Q. H. Chen The LHAASO Collaboration, S. Chen The LHAASO Collaboration, S. H. Chen The LHAASO Collaboration, S. Z. Chen The LHAASO Collaboration, T. L. Chen The LHAASO Collaboration, X. B. Chen The LHAASO Collaboration, X. J. Chen The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. Chen The LHAASO Collaboration, N. Cheng The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. D. Cheng The LHAASO Collaboration, M. C. Chu The LHAASO Collaboration, M. Y. Cui The LHAASO Collaboration, S. W. Cui The LHAASO Collaboration, X. H. Cui The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. D. Cui B. Z. Dai The LHAASO Collaboration, H. L. Dai The LHAASO Collaboration, Z. G. Dai The LHAASO Collaboration, Danzengluobu The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. X. Diao The LHAASO Collaboration, X. Q. Dong The LHAASO Collaboration, K. K. Duan The LHAASO Collaboration, J. H. Fan The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. Z. Fan The LHAASO Collaboration, J. Fang The LHAASO Collaboration, J. H. Fang The LHAASO Collaboration, K. Fang The LHAASO Collaboration, C. F. Feng The LHAASO Collaboration, H. Feng L. Feng The LHAASO Collaboration, S. H. Feng The LHAASO Collaboration, X. T. Feng The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. Feng The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. L. Feng The LHAASO Collaboration, S. Gabici The LHAASO Collaboration, B. Gao The LHAASO Collaboration, C. D. Gao The LHAASO Collaboration, Q. Gao The LHAASO Collaboration, W. Gao The LHAASO Collaboration, W. K. Gao The LHAASO Collaboration, M. M. Ge The LHAASO Collaboration, T. T. Ge L. S. Geng The LHAASO Collaboration, G. Giacinti The LHAASO Collaboration, G. H. Gong The LHAASO Collaboration, Q. B. Gou The LHAASO Collaboration, M. H. Gu The LHAASO Collaboration, F. L. Guo The LHAASO Collaboration, J. Guo The LHAASO Collaboration, X. L. Guo The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. Q. Guo The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. Y. Guo The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. A. Han The LHAASO Collaboration, O. A. Hannuksela The LHAASO Collaboration, M. Hasan The LHAASO Collaboration, H. H. He The LHAASO Collaboration, H. N. He The LHAASO Collaboration, J. Y. He The LHAASO Collaboration, X. Y. He The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. He The LHAASO Collaboration, S. Hernández-Cadena The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. K. Hor B. W. Hou The LHAASO Collaboration, C. Hou The LHAASO Collaboration, X. Hou The LHAASO Collaboration, H. B. Hu The LHAASO Collaboration, S. C. Hu The LHAASO Collaboration, C. Huang The LHAASO Collaboration, D. H. Huang The LHAASO Collaboration, J. J. Huang The LHAASO Collaboration, T. Q. Huang The LHAASO Collaboration, W. J. Huang X. T. Huang The LHAASO Collaboration, X. Y. Huang The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. Huang The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. Y. Huang The LHAASO Collaboration, X. L. Ji The LHAASO Collaboration, H. Y. Jia The LHAASO Collaboration, K. Jia The LHAASO Collaboration, H. B. Jiang The LHAASO Collaboration, K. Jiang The LHAASO Collaboration, X. W. Jiang The LHAASO Collaboration, Z. J. Jiang The LHAASO Collaboration, M. Jin The LHAASO Collaboration, S. Kaci The LHAASO Collaboration, M. M. Kang The LHAASO Collaboration, I. Karpikov The LHAASO Collaboration, D. Khangulyan The LHAASO Collaboration, D. Kuleshov The LHAASO Collaboration, K. Kurinov The LHAASO Collaboration, B. B. Li The LHAASO Collaboration, Cheng Li The LHAASO Collaboration, Cong Li The LHAASO Collaboration, D. Li The LHAASO Collaboration, F. Li The LHAASO Collaboration, H. B. Li The LHAASO Collaboration, H. C. Li The LHAASO Collaboration, Jian Li The LHAASO Collaboration, Jie Li The LHAASO Collaboration, K. Li The LHAASO Collaboration, L. Li The LHAASO Collaboration, R. L. Li The LHAASO Collaboration, S. D. Li The LHAASO Collaboration, T. Y. Li The LHAASO Collaboration, W. L. Li The LHAASO Collaboration, X. R. Li The LHAASO Collaboration, Xin Li The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. Z. Li The LHAASO Collaboration, Zhe Li The LHAASO Collaboration, Zhuo Li The LHAASO Collaboration, E. W. Liang Y. F. Liang S. J. Lin B. Liu The LHAASO Collaboration, C. Liu The LHAASO Collaboration, D. Liu The LHAASO Collaboration, D. B. Liu The LHAASO Collaboration, H. Liu The LHAASO Collaboration, H. D. Liu The LHAASO Collaboration, J. Liu The LHAASO Collaboration, J. L. Liu The LHAASO Collaboration, J. R. Liu The LHAASO Collaboration, M. Y. Liu The LHAASO Collaboration, R. Y. Liu The LHAASO Collaboration, S. M. Liu The LHAASO Collaboration, W. Liu The LHAASO Collaboration, X. Liu The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. Liu The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. Liu The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. N. Liu The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. Q. Lou The LHAASO Collaboration, Q. Luo Y. Luo The LHAASO Collaboration, H. K. Lv The LHAASO Collaboration, B. Q. Ma The LHAASO Collaboration, L. L. Ma The LHAASO Collaboration, X. H. Ma The LHAASO Collaboration, J. R. Mao The LHAASO Collaboration, Z. Min The LHAASO Collaboration, W. Mitthumsiri The LHAASO Collaboration, G. B. Mou The LHAASO Collaboration, H. J. Mu The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. C. Nan The LHAASO Collaboration, A. Neronov The LHAASO Collaboration, K. C. Y. Ng The LHAASO Collaboration, M. Y. Ni The LHAASO Collaboration, L. Nie The LHAASO Collaboration, L. J. Ou The LHAASO Collaboration, P. Pattarakijwanich The LHAASO Collaboration, Z. Y. Pei The LHAASO Collaboration, J. C. Qi The LHAASO Collaboration, M. Y. Qi The LHAASO Collaboration, J. J. Qin The LHAASO Collaboration, A. Raza The LHAASO Collaboration, C. Y. Ren The LHAASO Collaboration, D. Ruffolo The LHAASO Collaboration, A. Sáiz The LHAASO Collaboration, M. Saeed The LHAASO Collaboration, D. Semikoz The LHAASO Collaboration, L. Shao The LHAASO Collaboration, O. Shchegolev The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. Z. Shen The LHAASO Collaboration, X. D. Sheng The LHAASO Collaboration, Z. D. Shi The LHAASO Collaboration, F. W. Shu The LHAASO Collaboration, H. C. Song The LHAASO Collaboration, Yu. V. Stenkin The LHAASO Collaboration, V. Stepanov The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. Su The LHAASO Collaboration, D. X. Sun The LHAASO Collaboration, Q. N. Sun The LHAASO Collaboration, X. N. Sun Z. B. Sun The LHAASO Collaboration, J. Takata The LHAASO Collaboration, P. H. T. Tam H. B. Tan The LHAASO Collaboration, Q. W. Tang The LHAASO Collaboration, R. Tang The LHAASO Collaboration, Z. B. Tang The LHAASO Collaboration, W. W. Tian The LHAASO Collaboration, C. N. Tong The LHAASO Collaboration, L. H. Wan C. Wang The LHAASO Collaboration, G. W. Wang The LHAASO Collaboration, H. G. Wang The LHAASO Collaboration, H. H. Wang J. C. Wang The LHAASO Collaboration, K. Wang The LHAASO Collaboration, Kai Wang The LHAASO Collaboration, Kai Wang The LHAASO Collaboration, L. P. Wang The LHAASO Collaboration, L. Y. Wang The LHAASO Collaboration, L. Y. Wang The LHAASO Collaboration, R. Wang The LHAASO Collaboration, W. Wang X. G. Wang X. J. Wang The LHAASO Collaboration, X. Y. Wang The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. Wang The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. D. Wang The LHAASO Collaboration, Z. H. Wang The LHAASO Collaboration, Z. X. Wang The LHAASO Collaboration, Zheng Wang The LHAASO Collaboration, D. M. Wei The LHAASO Collaboration, J. J. Wei The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. J. Wei The LHAASO Collaboration, T. Wen The LHAASO Collaboration, S. S. Weng The LHAASO Collaboration, C. Y. Wu The LHAASO Collaboration, H. R. Wu The LHAASO Collaboration, Q. W. Wu The LHAASO Collaboration, S. Wu The LHAASO Collaboration, X. F. Wu The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. S. Wu The LHAASO Collaboration, S. Q. Xi The LHAASO Collaboration, J. Xia The LHAASO Collaboration, J. J. Xia The LHAASO Collaboration, G. M. Xiang The LHAASO Collaboration, D. X. Xiao The LHAASO Collaboration, G. Xiao The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. L. Xin The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. Xing The LHAASO Collaboration, D. R. Xiong The LHAASO Collaboration, Z. Xiong The LHAASO Collaboration, D. L. Xu The LHAASO Collaboration, R. F. Xu The LHAASO Collaboration, R. X. Xu The LHAASO Collaboration, W. L. Xu The LHAASO Collaboration, L. Xue The LHAASO Collaboration, D. H. Yan The LHAASO Collaboration, J. Z. Yan The LHAASO Collaboration, T. Yan The LHAASO Collaboration, C. W. Yang The LHAASO Collaboration, C. Y. Yang The LHAASO Collaboration, F. F. Yang The LHAASO Collaboration, L. L. Yang M. J. Yang The LHAASO Collaboration, R. Z. Yang The LHAASO Collaboration, W. X. Yang The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. H. Yao The LHAASO Collaboration, Z. G. Yao The LHAASO Collaboration, X. A. Ye The LHAASO Collaboration, L. Q. Yin The LHAASO Collaboration, N. Yin The LHAASO Collaboration, X. H. You The LHAASO Collaboration, Z. Y. You The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. H. Yu The LHAASO Collaboration, Q. Yuan The LHAASO Collaboration, H. Yue The LHAASO Collaboration, H. D. Zeng The LHAASO Collaboration, T. X. Zeng The LHAASO Collaboration, W. Zeng The LHAASO Collaboration, M. Zha The LHAASO Collaboration, B. B. Zhang The LHAASO Collaboration, B. T. Zhang The LHAASO Collaboration, F. Zhang The LHAASO Collaboration, H. Zhang The LHAASO Collaboration, H. M. Zhang H. Y. Zhang The LHAASO Collaboration, J. L. Zhang The LHAASO Collaboration, Li Zhang The LHAASO Collaboration, P. F. Zhang The LHAASO Collaboration, P. P. Zhang The LHAASO Collaboration, R. Zhang The LHAASO Collaboration, S. R. Zhang The LHAASO Collaboration, S. S. Zhang The LHAASO Collaboration, W. Y. Zhang The LHAASO Collaboration, X. Zhang The LHAASO Collaboration, X. P. Zhang The LHAASO Collaboration, Yi Zhang The LHAASO Collaboration, Yong Zhang The LHAASO Collaboration, Z. P. Zhang The LHAASO Collaboration, J. Zhao The LHAASO Collaboration, L. Zhao The LHAASO Collaboration, L. Z. Zhao The LHAASO Collaboration, S. P. Zhao The LHAASO Collaboration, X. H. Zhao The LHAASO Collaboration, Z. H. Zhao The LHAASO Collaboration, F. Zheng The LHAASO Collaboration, W. J. Zhong The LHAASO Collaboration, B. Zhou The LHAASO Collaboration, H. Zhou The LHAASO Collaboration, J. N. Zhou The LHAASO Collaboration, M. Zhou The LHAASO Collaboration, P. Zhou The LHAASO Collaboration, R. Zhou The LHAASO Collaboration, X. X. Zhou The LHAASO Collaboration, X. X. Zhou The LHAASO Collaboration, B. Y. Zhu The LHAASO Collaboration, C. G. Zhu The LHAASO Collaboration, F. R. Zhu The LHAASO Collaboration, H. Zhu The LHAASO Collaboration, K. J. Zhu The LHAASO Collaboration, Y. C. Zou The LHAASO Collaboration, X. Zuo The LHAASO Collaboration
AbstractIn this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of an unidentified point-like ultra-high-energy (UHE) $\gamma$-ray source, designated as 1LHAASO J1740+0948u, situated in the vicinity of the middle-aged pulsar PSR J1740+1000. The detection significance reached 17.1$\sigma$ (9.4$\sigma$) above 25$\,$TeV (100$\,$TeV). The source energy spectrum extended up to 300$\,$TeV, which was well fitted by a log-parabola function with $N0 = (1.93\pm0.23) \times 10^{-16} \rm{TeV^{-1}\,cm^{-2}\,s^{-2}}$, $\alpha = 2.14\pm0.27$, and $\beta = 1.20\pm0.41$ at E0 = 30$\,$TeV. The associated pulsar, PSR J1740+1000, resides at a high galactic latitude and powers a bow-shock pulsar wind nebula (BSPWN) with an extended X-ray tail. The best-fit position of the gamma-ray source appeared to be shifted by $0.2^{\circ}$ with respect to the pulsar position. As the (i) currently identified pulsar halos do not demonstrate such offsets, and (ii) centroid of the gamma-ray emission is approximately located at the extension of the X-ray tail, we speculate that the UHE $\gamma$-ray emission may originate from re-accelerated electron/positron pairs that are advected away in the bow-shock tail.