Rushikesh Ashok Sonkusale, Anshuman Verma, Ritam Mallick

Oblique shocks are ubiquitous in high-energy astrophysical environments, yet a systematic analytical treatment of how finite upstream temperature influences the maximum deflection angle has been lacking. We address this problem by developing a unified thermodynamic framework based on a novel dimensionless quantity, the turning parameter, which encapsulates the equation of state, upstream Mach number, and thermal state of the flow into a single variable. Starting from the relativistic Rankine-Hugoniot conditions and the Taub adiabat, we derive a compact turning relation and a first-order perturbative expansion in the upstream thermal parameter. We show that any finite upstream temperature monotonically suppresses the maximum deflection angle relative to the cold-fluid limit, implying that cold models systematically overestimate shock attachment. In the combined ultra-thermal and ultra-relativistic limit, the turning parameter saturates to a universal value, yielding an asymptotic detachment angle that depends only on the equation of state. Numerical shock-polar calculations validate the analytical results and reveal a non-monotonic dependence of the detachment angle on the Mach number at intermediate temperatures, arising from the competition between thermal pressure and bulk kinetic energy-a distinctly relativistic thermal effect absent in both the cold and ultra-hot limits. As an illustrative astrophysical application, we apply the framework to the Crab pulsar wind nebula, demonstrating how finite-temperature effects modify the termination-shock morphology and the observed torus geometry.